Writes Vergennes February 13 of America's financial and military necessities, explaining failure of Spanish mission to date, saying "we can rely on France alone." June 4 and 10, again asks Vergennes for money to pay bills of Congress, as well as those of Adams (who is now in Holland) and John Jay in Spain. Congress appoints Franklin, Jay, Henry Laurens, and Thomas Jefferson to join Adams as commissioners to negotiate peace, new instructions require them to act only with knowledge and concurrence of France. General Charles Cornwallis surrenders to Washington at Yorktown, Virginia, October 19.